七年级下册知识点总结（仁爱版）
Unit 5 Topic1 重点短语
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
on foot go …on foot = walk ( to )… 14. do（one’s） homework 做作业 at the school gate在学校大门口 15. go to the zoo / park 去动物园 / 公园 on weekdays 在平日 ,在工作日 16. once a week 一周一次 on weekends=on the weekend在周末 17. every day 每天 after school 放学后 18. have classes 上课 after class 下课后 19. for a little while 一会儿 after breakfast / lunch / supper 20. go to bed 上床睡觉 早餐 / 午餐 / 晚餐后 21. come on 快点,加油,来吧 8. in ones free time在某人空闲时间 22. get up 起床 9. have a rest 休息一下 23. talk with / to sb.与某人谈话 10. read books 读书 24. at school 在学校、在上课 11. go swimming 去游泳 25. go to school 去上学 12. listen to music 听音乐 26. and so on ……等等 13. watch TV 看电视
重点句型
1. Happy New Year! The same to you. 2.Your new bike looks very nice. Thank you. 2. How do you usually come to school? —I usually come to school by subway.
3. How often do you go to the library? —Once/Twice/Three times a week/Very often/Every day/Sedom 4. The early bird catches the work. (谚语) 笨鸟先飞
5. Classes begin at eight. =Class begins at eight. What time does the class begin? / What time do the
classes begin?
6. We have no more time. 我们没有更多的时间了。
7. I have four classes in the morning and two in the afternoon. 我早上上四节课，下午上两节。 8. She goes to bed at about a quarter to ten. 她九点四十五分睡觉。
重点详解 1. by+交通工具，表示使用某种交通方式，中间不加限定词，如果交通工具前有a, the, my 等 限定词，就不能用by,而是用in或是on. by +动词ing形式，表示通过某种方式
乘坐交通工具：by +交通工具（by car/bus/train/ship） take the+交通工具（take the bus/car） on+大型封闭式工具（on the bus/ train/ship/plane）on the train=by train on his bike=by bike on a bike/motorbike in +小型封闭交通工具（in a car/taxi）in my car=by car
I always come to school by bus. People show love to their mothers by giving cards. You can be a good student by working hard. 巧辩异同 on foot 与 walk on foot “走路”，是介词短语，不能作谓语，只作方式状语，位于句末。
walk “走路”,是动词，可以作谓语。 take the bus = go …by bus ride a bike = go …by bike take the subway = go …by subway go to…on foot= walk to I often go to school on foot. =I often walk to school. go to….by bike = ride a bike go to…. by car = drive a car to go to … by plane = fly to go to… by bus = take a bus to 2. It’s time for sth. “该做某事了”=It’s time to do sth. It’s time for class. =It’s time to have class. =It’s time for having class. 3. look +adj (look感官动词,系动词) 看起来 His mother looks very young. They look very cute. Her dress looks very nice. You look very cool in this coat.
look的短语 look the same看起来一样 look like看起来像……
look for寻找 look after =take care of 照顾，照料look around/about 四处看看， look back 回头看;回顾;
look out 当心，小心，留神; look through 浏览，仔细查看； look up 查寻，查阅;抬头看
4. do one’s homework 做家庭作业（注：one’s 要随主语的变化而变化，常用形容词性物主代词my, your,
their, our, his, her等）。 do my homework at school 在学校做作业 5. want to do sth. “想做某事”，want 后接动词不定式作宾语。 know about “了解，知道关于…”。we want to know about the school life of American students. ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．我们想了解一下美国学生的学校生活。
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6. 巧辩异同 a few+可数名词 （肯定）；一点，一些； few+可数名词：（否定）很少,几乎没有 a little+不可数名词（肯定）；一点，一些； little +不可数名词：（否定）很少,几乎没有 little和few作形容词用，都表示“几乎没有”,强调少; a little和a few强调有一些。 e.g.He has a few friends. 他有几个朋友。 He has few friends. 他几乎没有朋友。 e.g. I can speak only a little Chinese. They has little money. 他们没有什麽钱 a little 与 little 也可以用作副词， 表示“有点”“稍稍” 表示“很少” e.g. Can you speak English? ---Yes, but only a little.
This book is a little more difficult than that one. （可修饰形容词比较级） She slept little last night. 昨天晚上，她没有怎么睡觉。
7. go+v.-ing 表示去做某事，类似： go fishing 去钓鱼 go shopping 去买东西
go boating 去划船 go skating 去滑冰 go swimming 去游泳
and so on “等等”，表示还有很多。They often play basketball or coccer, go swimming and so on. ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．
8. (1). How often 多久一次（对频度进行提问）答语常用频度副词always> usually>often>
sometimes>seldom>never等或单位时间内的次数，表示频率的短语：次数+单位时间 e.g. : once a week一周一次 twice a month每月两次three times a year每年三次 How often do you go to the library? 你多久去一次图书馆？ --once/twice/three times/four times a week/month/year (2).How far多远（表示距离）How far is it from here to the zoo? --It’s 6 kilometers. (3).How long多长（对时间进行提问，持续多长时间（多久）/东西的长度（多长）
How long did he stay here? About two weeks. How long is the river? About 500 km. (4).How soon再过多久，主要用来表示对将来一段时间的提问。常用“in+时间段”来回答。 How soon will he be back? In an hour. 9. over (形容词) School / Class is over. What time is the class over?
10. begin 现在分词: beginning 过去式: began What time does the class begin?
begin to do sth begin doing sth He begins to write a letter. =He begins writing a letter. 如果begin本身为分词，只能用begin to do sth He is beginning to run. 11. listen to 听（动作）， hear 听见(结果) hear sb. doing sth.
冠词用法
1. 弹乐器前要带定冠词the,而进行球类运动则不带the。
play +棋类/球类/牌 下……棋，打……球 play soccer/basketball play the +西洋乐器 弹/拉……乐器 play the guitar/piano 2.序数词，前面要用定冠词the。on the second floor 3.三餐前面不用冠词。 have breakfast/lunch/supper
一般现在时
语法讲解 一般现在时表示：（常与频度副词never, seldom, sometimes, often,usually, always等连用） （1）现在所处的状态。Jane is at school.
（2）经常或习惯性的动作。I often go to school by bus. （3）主语具备的性格和能力。He likes playing football. （4）客观真理。The earth goes round the sun.
常用的时间状语：often, always, usually, sometimes, every day等等。 行为动词的一般现在时，助动词是do/don’t和does/doesn’t.当主语是第一、二人称和所有复数形式时，
行为动词用原形。
肯定式：I go to school on foot. 否定式：I don’t go to school on foot. 疑问式：Do you go to school on foot? —Yes, I do. —No, I don’t.
当主语是第三人称单数时，动词用第三人称单数形式，在词尾加-s或-es。 肯定式：He goes to work by bus. 否定式：He doesn’t go to work by bus. 疑问式：Does he go to work by bus? —Yes, he does. —No, he doesn’t.
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重点短语：
1. make cards 制作卡片
2. on the playground 在操场上 3. in the library 在图书馆 4. in the gym在体育馆
5. on the shelf在书架上（shelves 复数） 6. at the Lost and Found 在失物招领处 7.clean the room打扫房间
8.have a soccer game 举行足球比赛 9. have an English class 上英语课 10. write a letter 写信
学科名词： 政治 语文 Unit 5 Topic2
11. some of his photos
= some photos of his 他的一些照片 12. on time 准时/in time及时
13. do better in sth 在某方面做得较好 14. show sb. around… 带领某人参观…… 15. at the moment“此刻，现在”,= now. 16. plan v.计划 plan to do sth 17. be kind to sb
=be friendly to sb 对某人很友好
数学 英语 历史 地理 生物 音乐 politics Chinese math English history geography biology music 一周名词： 星期日 星期一 星期二 星期三 星期四 星期五 星期六 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 重点句型
1. What are you doing? ---- He is cleaning the dormitory. 2. Are you doing your homework? Yes, I am./No, I am not. 3. How long can I keep them? Two weeks. 4. Thank you. ---It’s a pleasure. = A pleasure = My pleasure. 别客气。 5. Sorry, I don’t have any. Thank you all the same. 仍然感谢你。
重点详解
1. 巧辩异同
① go to bed“上床”“就寝”I often go to bed at ten. ② go to sleep“入睡”“睡着”Last night I went to sleep at two o’clock. 3. 巧辩异同some, a few 与a little “一些，有些”三者都修饰名词。
some既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词。We want some apples and some water. a few用在可数名词复数之前
a little用在不可数名词之前。 There are a few books and a little waterin the classroom. 4. 与how相关的短语
how often多常 how many多少 how much多少钱 how old多大
5. And you must return them on time.你必须按时归还它们。Return意为“归还，回归” ① return sth. to sb.把某物归还某人=give back sth. to sb. ② return to“回到…”，相当于come back to… 6. talk“交谈”，常用的短语talk to/with sb.“与某人交谈” Maria and a girl are talking at the lost and found.
巧辩异同talk, say, speak与tell (1) talk“交谈”，表示通过谈话方式交换意见、消息等。 (2) speak“说话”，强调开口发声，后常接某种语言。 3) say “说”，强调所说的话的内容。 (4) tell“告诉”，有时兼含“嘱咐”“命令”等。tell a truth说真话，tell a lie说谎,
tell a story 讲故事等固定搭配。
7. look for“寻找”，强调寻找的过程； find“找到” 发现,强调找的结果。I can’t ．find my purse and I am looking for it. ．．．．．．．．．．．．．8. Read, see ,look and watch look(at) 看，表动作，不及物动词，后面需加介词at才能跟宾语，指看的动作， see 看见，指看的结果，
read常指看书、看报纸等，表示阅读 watch看比赛、电视
e.g I can an apple on the table。 I want to the film with you。
，there is a kite flying in the sky。 Please the blackboard carefully。 Tv too much is bad for your health。
9. Here are some photos of his.这有他的一些照片。
photos of his是双重所有格。his是名词性物主代词，后还可以接名词所有格。 a friend of mine我的一个朋友 a classmate of my brother’s我弟弟的一个同学 10. 巧辩异同 also与too also放在句中，too用于句末。
also意为“也”，常用于be动词和情态动词后面，实义动词的前面。 e.g Helen is also a student. I have long hair and she has long hair, too。
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体育 P.E. 美术 Art
11. borrow:指主语借入 borrow sth. from sb.
e.g You can borrow this book from the library. May I borrow your eraser? lend: 指主语借出 lend sth. to sb. / lend sb. sth.
e.g Can you lend your car to me? They often lend us their ball. keep 和 borrow, lend 的意思一样,都是表示借的意思, 区别是borrow和lend是 瞬间动词/,短暂性动词，不能跟一段时间连用,而keep是延续性动词,表示借一段时间, 后常跟一段时间
e.g You may keep this book for two weeks.
borrow借进 lend借出 keep借多久
14. on time: 准时,强调不早不迟到达 e.g We must go to work on time.
in time: 及时,强调在规定的时间以前到达 The students can get there in time.
15. Japanese: adj 日本的,日本人的,日语的 n.日本人,日语
当Japanese表示日本人时,是可数名词,单复数同形(与Chinese用法相同) e.g Two Japanese and three Chinese are swimming in the swimming pool.
重要句型总结
1. What’s in+sth 表示哪里有什么东西 e.g What’s in your purse? 钱包里有什么东西? 2. What else 还有别的什么么? else: 别的,其它的 What else do you have? Who else还有别的什么人么? Where else 还有别的什么地方么?
else除了可以放在疑问词what,who, where等后面，还可以放在不定代词something, anything, nothing, somebody, anybody, nobody后面
e.g I don’t have anything else to do. I can’t see anybody else in the room. 3. Here are some photos of his. 名词＋Of+名词性物主代词/名词所有格----双重所有格 e.g a friend of Sam’s 萨姆的一个朋友 a friend of mine 我的一个朋友 4. love doing sth习惯性的爱好和习惯
love to do sth一次性的动作或目前想做的事
e.g She loves reading in bed. I love to go swimming today. “Like+动词ing”表示“喜欢做某事” I like playing basketball.Tom likes listeningｔo music.
“Like+ｔo+动词”也表示“喜欢做某事”，只是“Like+动词ing”表示习惯性动作 （也可以说是爱好）， 而“Like+ｔo+动词”表示一次性或短暂性的 Our PE teacher likes swimming.( 表示爱好) He likes playing basketball,but today he doesn't like to play basketball. 他爱好打篮球（爱好），但是今天他没去打篮球（短暂性的）。
现在进行时
语法讲解 1.现在进行时表示：
(1) 现在进行时表示正在发生或进行的动作,可与now=at the moment现在, look看,listen听等时间状语连用 e.g I’m
reading a book now.
(2) 现在进行时表示当前一段时间内一直进行的动作 e.g They’re working on a farm this week.
(3) 某些行为动词的现在进行时形式可以表示将来,常常有意图,安排或打算的含义,并且可与表将来的时间状语连用,到目前我们所学的这类动词有come, go, fly, return e.g They are flying to London this afternoon.
We are going to Hong Kong tomorrow. Steve is coming tomorrow evening. 2.常用的时间状语：now, at the moment, look, listen等。 3.谓语动词构成：be(am/is/are)+v.-ing形式。 4.动词的-ing形式构成：
一般在动词末尾加-ing buy---buying call----calling drink----drinking 以不发音字母e结尾的单词,去e加-ing 末尾只有一个辅音字母,且这个辅音字母前面不是字母组合的词,要双写末尾辅音字母,再加-ing 以ie结尾的词,变ie为y,再加-ing come---coming drive---driving give-----giving plan----planning swim----swimming stop---stopping sit---sitting die----dying lie----lying
5.现在进行时态的肯定、否定和疑问式。
（1）肯定句:主语+be+doing+sth I am running. He/She is running.
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（2）否定句:主语+be+not+doing+sth I’m not running. He/She isn’t running. （3）一般疑问句:Be+主语+doing+sth 回答:Yes,主(代)+be /No,主(代)+be+not Are you running? —Yes, I am./—No, I am not.
Is he/she running? —Yes, he/she is./ —No. he/she isn’t （4）特殊疑问句: What+be+主语+doing?
Unit 5 Topic3
重点短语：
1. outdoor activity 课外活动 9.learn by oneself自学 2. easy and interesting 容易又有趣 7. from…to… 从……到…… 3. difficult and boring 又难又乏味 8. in the morning / afternoon / evening 4. be friendly to sb. =be kind to sb. 对某人友好 在早上/ 下午/ 晚上 5. between…and… 在……之间… 9. on Monday 在星期一 6. learn(…)from… 向…学习…/从…中学… 10. on Monday morning在星期一的早上 7.learning about the past了解过去 11. tell sb. about sth告诉某人关于某事 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．8.learn about了解
重点句型
1. What day is it today？---It’s Sunday. (在英语国家每周的第一天是星期天而不是星期一) 2. What class are they having? They are having a music class. 3. What time does the class begin? At ten o’clock.
4. What do you think of math? = How do you like math ? 你认为数学怎么样？ ----It’s difficult and boring. 5. Why (为什么)do you like English ? Because（因为）it’s easy and interesting. 7. What subject (学科)do you like best ? I like history best.
8. At school, my teachers and classmates are very friendly to me.
9. I study Chinese, English, politics, geography and some other subjects.
（other泛指其他的，别的+ 名词复数 another 泛指又一个、再一个、另一个+名词单数 the other 两者中的另一个）
10. English is my favorite subject. 11. I also like P.E and music. = I like P.E and music , too. (也) 12. Can you tell me something about it?
重点详解
1. 询问星期几用What day…？回答：It’s Wednesday/Sunday…。与what有关的短语：what class什么班 what color什么颜色 what time几点What’s the date…? 是对日期(几号)的提问。
What day is it today? —It’s Monday.问星期 What’s the date today?—It’s the May 1st.问具体日期。 What do you do?—I’m a teacher. What does he look like?—He is tall/He has a small mouth.问外貌 What’s she like?—She is kind/friendly..问性格。
2. How many+可数名词的复数形式；How much+不可数名词。How many lessons does he have every weekday? 3. in+时间段（in the morning/afternoon/evening 季节/月份/年份前也用in：in Spring/Oct/in September，2008)
in用于泛指一天的上午，下午，晚上等，也用于某个较长的时间，如年，月，季节等，还可以表示“从现在起一段时间以后”in a week at+时间点[钟点时（刻）]（at 6 o’clock） at noon at night at midnight at this time of day on+具体时间（具体日期、节日前on Sep 10th/Women’s Day/rainy Day） 在星期几常用on,在具体点钟前用at. 4. What do you think of …? = How do you like…?你认为……怎么样？
What one’s favorite…? = What does sb. like best? 某人最喜欢什么？Which subject do you like best?你最喜欢什么科目？ 5. Why do you like it? 你为什么喜欢它？ --Because it’s easy and interesting.因为它简单而有趣。
用why提问必须用because回答。Why? ----Because it’s interesting. 如果表示你为什么不用 Why not…? 或Why don’t you…?
6. be friendly to sb. 对某人友好 My teachers are very friendly to me.注： friendly是形容词 “友好的”“友善的”，而不
是副词。
7. a lot = much“许多”，后接宾语时要说a lot of 也可以表示“非常，十分”。I can learn a lot from it.我能从中学到很多东西。 11. You must like English very much. 你一定非常喜欢英语。must在这里表示肯定推测。 12. It’s time for (doing) sth= it’s time to do sth. 该做某事了 It’s time for class.上课的时间到了.
13.can+动词原形，它不随主语和数而变化。
(1)含有can的肯定句：主语+can+谓语动词的原形+其他。
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(2)变一般疑问句时，把can提前：Can+主语+动词原形+其他？
肯定回答：Yes，主语+can。否定回答：No，主语+can't. (3)含有can的否定句：主语+can't+动词的原形+其他。
(4)含有can的特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+can+主语+动词原形+其他？
14.may+动词的原形。（may为情态动词）一般疑问句是把may提前，
肯定回答是：Yes，主语 +may。否定回答是：No，主语+mustn't。或please don't。
15. have to 后加动词原形，侧重客观的需要，有“不得不，被迫”之意，有多种时态形式，
否定式为don’t have to(needn’t)意为“不必”。
Must 侧重于说话者的主观看法，认为有必要或有义务做某事，只有现在时一种形式, 否定式must’t意为“一定不要，不允许，禁止”反意词为“needn’t”。
Unit6 Topic1
重点词组
1. Why not… =Why don’t you…
2. go upstairs上楼 go downstairs下楼 3. A moment later一会以后
4. study n.书房 v.学习 与learn的区别 5. in the front of the house
在屋子（里面的）前面
6. in front of the house在屋子（外面的）前面 7. talk about+n/v-ing谈论,议论,讨论某事 8. talk with sb. 与某人交谈
9. put them away 把他们收拾好
10. Look after = take care of照顾 11. play with sb. “与某人一起玩” 12. in the tree（外物附着）在树上 13. on the tree 树本身长出来的花，树叶等 14. on the wall在墙上 15. in the wall 在墙里
16. on the river浮在水面上 17. over the river 在河上（悬空）
18. Tell sb about sth Tell sb to do sth Tell sb sth 19. want sb to do sth/want to do sth
There be…用法
重点语法
There be 句型表示“某处存在某物或某人，表示一种客观存在，
而have“有”，表示“某人拥有某物/某人”表主观拥有，其主语是人。 There is a dog in the picture. The dog has two big eyes.
当have表示“包括”、“存在”的含义时，There be 句型与其可互换。 eg. A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week. 肯定句：There is a computer in your study.
否定句--在“be”后加“not”： There isn’t a computer in your study.
一般疑问句--将“be”提到“there”之前： Is there a computer in your study?
----Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t.
特殊疑问句：There be句型的特殊疑问句形式有以下三种变化： ① 对主语提问：当主语是人时，用\"Who's+介词短语?\"；
当主语是物时，用\"What's + 介词短语?\"。
注：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，对之提问时一般都用is(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。如： There are many things over there. →What's over there?
There is a little girl in the room. →Who is in the room? ② 对地点状语提问：提问地点用\"Where is / are+主语?\" “There + be+主语+地点状语”表示“某处有某物”；
例： There is a computer on the desk. → Where is the computer?
There are four children on the playground. →Where are the four children? 地点状语也可放在句首，有时可用“，”与后面的部分隔开。
There are some pictures on the wall.=On the wall, there are some pictures. ③ 对数量提问：一般有两种句型结构：
How many+复数名词+are there+介词短语？ How much+不可数名词+is there+介词短语？
there be 就近原则。There be如果后面接两个名词作主语，那么“be”的人称和数与邻 近的名词一致。即be is．．．．．．．遵循．．．．．．．．．用．．．还是are，取决于离该动词最近的那个名词。如果该名词是单数或不可数名词就用is，如果是复数就用are。 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． ★就近原则： There is a lamp , a computer, some books and so on.
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There are two boys and a girl under the tree.
重点句型 There are two bedrooms and a a small study.
There is a lamp, a computer, some books and so on.
—Is there a computer in your study? —Yes, there is. Don't put them here. Put them away.
There are many beautiful flowers in the garden,
but there aren’t any trees in it. 花园里有许多漂亮的花，但是却没有树。
重点讲解 1．It’s on the second floor. 在哪一层楼，用介词on。on表示在……上面。second是序数词，
前面要用定冠词the, 意为第二（的）。
on the first floor美式英语一楼floor地板，此处指“楼房的层”。 英式英语用the ground floor 表示一楼 巧辩异同 two与second
two是基数词，second是序数词，“第二”或“第二的”，指排列顺序。 2. have a look看看。后面接名词时要用at. 如have a look at your watch. 3. put away 把……放好
Don’t put them here. Put them away.别把它们放在这儿，请收起来放好。 4. look after“保管，照顾”，相当于take care of.‘’
look at看…… look like看起来像…… look for寻找 look the same看起来一样
You must look after your things.你必须保管好你的东西。
5. like to do sth 和 like doing sth的区别 二者都表示\"喜欢做某事\A. like doing sth表示长时间的喜欢做某事，指兴趣爱好。 在意义上比较一般和抽象，时间观念不强，不指某一次动作; 例： She likes swimming.她喜欢游泳。（经常性的，爱好）
I like eating fish .(我喜欢吃鱼，个人口味而已，一种爱好，喜欢） I love playing on the computer in the study. 我喜欢在书房玩电脑。 （love doing sth.=like doing sth. 喜欢做某事）
B. like to do sth 则常指某个具体的动作，表示偶尔一次喜欢做某事、或者突然喜欢干某事。
与love to do相似 C. like to do sth 想去做某事（表示有个趋向性，好像是要到某处去做某事）
如: She likes to swim this afternoon.她今天下午想游泳。（特指某一次的动作） 另外,在搭配(使用方法)上,“ like to do ”一般与 “ would ” 搭配表示意愿。 例： I would like to swim with you . 我愿意和你去游泳。 Would you like to skate ? 你愿意去滑冰吗？ 6. get a letter from sb. 收到某人的来信＝hear from sb. hear from宾语是人不是信，hear of听说某人(物)，hear听到，听见，侧重听的结果。 常用 hear sb doing sth/do sth I’m very glad to get a letter from you.我很高兴收到你的来信。
7. Welcome to my new home.【home作n.】 (对比Welcome home【home作adv.】) 8. so/too many+可数名词复数=many eg: There are so many books in the desk. so/too much+不可数名词 =much There is so much water in the river. much too+adj ==too太... I’m much too tired. 9. 方位短语：in the center of=in the middle of在...中间
in front of 在...前面（外部）in the front of（内部）在...前面 at the back of 在...后面
on the left/right of在...的左边/右边 next to 紧邻
10. go up”沿着“指往北走，或从小地方往大地方走 go down往南走，从大地方向小地方去 go along “沿着...往前一直走”
go across 越过、穿过、横穿（go across the bridge） 11. a ticket for+n/ving eg: a ticket for parking. 12. used to do：\"过去常常\"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但现在不再。
Tom used to take a walk. (过去常常散步) be used to do被用来做某事; The knife is used to cut apples. be used to doing习惯于做某事，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。 Tom is used to going for a walk after dinner.(现在习惯于散步)
13.肯定的祈使句：(1) 实义动词原形+其他； (2) be动词原形+形容词+其他； (3) Let sb do sth.
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否定的祈使句：(1) Don’t+实义动词+原形；(2) Don’t be+形容词+其他；
(3) Don’t let sb do sth (4) No+Ving.
练：(1) My mother said to me, “Tom, _______ in bed.”
A. not read B. doesn’t read C. don’t read D. didn’t read (2) Don’t __________ (fight). = No __________ (fight).
14. 不要迟到：Don’t arrive late. = Don’t be late. (arrive = be)
上课/上学不要迟到：Don’t arrive (be) late for class/school. 15. 主语省略（无主语）：Don’t arrive late for class. 主语不省略（有主语）：We can’t arrive ;ate for class.
Unit6 Topic2
重点句型
1. What’s your home like? 你的家是什么样的？--It’s an apartment building. 它是一栋公寓楼。 They live in a big farmhouse
in the country. 他们住在农村的农舍里。 2. What’s the matter?
3. I can’t hear you, the line is bad. 我听不清，线路不好。 4. I’ll get someone to check it right now. 我马上派人去检查。 5. There is something wrong with my kitchen fan.
6. There are many houses with big yards in the suburbs.郊区有许多带着大院子的房子。 7. What kind of home do you live in? 你住在什么样的房子里？
8. I ‘m afraid it’s too loud. 恐怕声音有点大---I’ m really sorry about that.我真的对此很抱歉。
重点讲解
1. What be +…..like? 询问某人某物情况或者状况的句型。What’s your home like?
like 动词 “喜欢”，介词“像”。be like像和look like看起来像。be like 主要用来询问人的性格、外貌和事物特征。Look like 主要用来询问外貌。
What do(does) ……look like？询问外貌。 2. for rent 出租。wanted求租.
rent sth to sb 把某物租给某人 rent sth from sb 从某人处租某物。 3. with “有，带有”。 A house with three bedrooms.有三间卧室的房子。 with还可以意为“和（某人/某物）在一起”
4. apartment for a family of two.适合两口之家的公寓。 (1) for表示“给……”表示目的或功能。后接物主代词或名词，但通常带’s.或者后接表示无生命物体的名词。Here is
a letter for you.
(2)of的含义为“属于某人/某事物”。She is a friend of Lily’s. = Shes is Lily’s friend.
5. What’s the matter?怎么了？= What’s wrong? 常用来询问某人或某物出了什么什么问题或毛病 What’s the matter with (sb./sth.)?= What’s up with…? = What’s wrong with….?…有什么事？
There is something wrong with sb./sth.某人或某物出问题/有毛病了。 My kitchen fan doesn't work. 我家厨房的排气扇坏了。 = There is something wrong with my kitchen fan. = Something is wrong with my kitchen fan.
6. hear sb doing sth听见某人正在做某事（强调动作进行）
hear sb. do sth. 表示听到某人做过了某事,强调全过程,类似的有see,watch,find,。 hear about sth.听到关于某事物的消息 hear from sb.接到某人的来信、电话等 hear of sb./sth.听到或知道某人或某事物的情况 I hear you playing the piano我听到你正在弹钢琴
6. There are no houses on the right. = There aren’t any houses….
（no后可以加可数和不可数名词= not any后加不可数名词或者可数名词复数 / not a 后加可数名词单数） 7. a lot of = lots of许多 后接可数名词，相当于many；
后接不可数名词，相当于much,用于肯定句中； 但如果是否定句，常用many或much.
There are a lot of tall buildings and small gardens in our community. 在我们的社区里有许多高楼和小花园。
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8.
be far from… 离……远（抽象距离）My school is not far from the bookstore. be…away from…离……远（具体距离）The sea is 2 miles away from the hotel.
be close to…离……近。close 与near 都有“靠近”的意思，但close 比near 更近。 Many shops and restaurants are close to my home . 9. I’ll get someone to check it right now.我马上派人去检查。 get sb. to do sth.使某人做某事,派某人去做某事 = ask sb to do sth. someone=somebody某人 right now= at once= right away马上，立刻 10. We can call it for help. call sb for sth/ doing sth. 我们可以打电话向它求救。 11. Are there many people living near your home? 有许多人住在你家附近吗？
（there be +sb.+doing sth表示某地有某人在做什么） People 没有复数，表示人们，做主语是be动词用are 12. Many people are moving from cities to the suburbs. 许多人正从城市搬迁到郊区。
（move to …., move from ….to ….从…..搬到、移动到…..）
13. The traffic is heavy and the cost of living is high. 交通拥挤，生活开销高。 cost 在这做名词，做动词时，主语是物，句型 sth. cost sb some money e.g. The rose costs me 10 yuan.
traffic 不可数名词，be动词用单数，
交通量的大小用heavy/busy和little/ a little 修饰。
Unit6 Topic3
重点语法 特殊疑问句和问路、指路的方式。
重点短语：
1. a ticket for speeding 超速罚单 9. change to变成 2. at the end of the road在路的尽头 10. no parking禁止停车 3. go across走过 11. get hurt受伤 4. turn left/right向左转/向右转 12. obey the traffic rules 遵守交通规则 5. on the corner of 在…转角/拐弯处 13. keep on the right of the road 6. across from 在…对面 保持在路的右边 7. between……and 在…之间 14. at the foot of 在…的脚下 8. take the No. 718 bus 乘坐718路公共汽车 15. hold sth in one’s hand抓住某人的手
重点句型 1．问路语
① Where is ……?
② Is there a……near here?
Excuse me, is there a bank near here? 打扰了，请问附近有银行吗？
③ Which is the way to ……? ④ How can I get to……?
⑤ Could you tell me the way to……?
How can I get to the bookstore?
= Could you tell me the way to the bookstore? = Could you tell me how to get to the bookstore?
⑥ = Where is the way to the bookstore? 问路的句型 2．指路
①Go along/down this road until……
Go up （Go along）this street to the end ,and you will find it on your left. --沿着这条街一直走到尽头，你就会发下银行在你左边。
②Turn left at the first turning﹦Take the first turning on the left. ③Go straight ahead and you will see…… ④It’s about 15 kilometres away from here. 3．Thank you all the same .﹦Thanks anyway. 4．You can’t miss it.
5．You need to take bus No.718…… 6．How far is it from here?
7．Everybody must be careful and obey the traffic.
8．We must stop and look both ways before we cross the road. 9．Be careful! Don't play on the street.
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10．Wait for your turn when the lights are red.在红灯亮之前请等待
11. How far is it from here? (问距离) --It’s about ten kilometers away from here.
离这有多远？离这有十千米远。
12. How can we make the roads safe? 我们怎样才能使道路安全？make sth/ sb. +adj. 13. Before（prep.） we cross the road, we must stop and look both ways. 在我们过马路之前，我们必须停下来向路的两边看。
14. We must never play on the street. 我们绝对不能在街上玩耍。
= We must not play the street.
15. It’s good to help children and old people to cross the road. 帮助小孩和老人过马路是一种助人为乐的行为。It’s good to do sth. 重点讲解
1 go up “沿着……走”与它相近的词有go along/down 2 get to 到达，后接地点名词 get to =reach=arrive in/at
与get有关的短语： get in 收获 get on上车 get off下车
get out出去 get out of从……出来 get up起床
3 It’s good to help children and old people to cross the road.帮助孩子和老人过马路是一种助人为乐的行为。 It’s good to do sth.做某事是助人为乐的行为。
4 on the corner of = at the corner of “在……拐角处”，表示在某一地方或建筑物外面的拐角处。in the corner of 表示在某．．
一建筑物内的拐角处。 ．
5 有关come的短语
come to 来到 come form来自于…… come on 加油，赶快 come in 进来 come out 出来 come down下来 come back回来
6 It's about five hundred meters along（adv.）on the right. 顺着右边走大约500m就到了。 确切的表示几百，hundred不用复数，但是在表示“成百上千”的时候用hundreds of，
thousand 也同样用 7 Go along this road until you get to Beisihuan Road.沿着这条路一直走，直到你到达北四环路。
特指某个道路前面不加the，大写这条路的名字 8 You can’t miss it. 你不会错过它的。
（miss 除了表示错过，还可以表示“想念”e.g. She misses her mother. ） 9 You need to take bus No. 718, then you should change to the No. 108 bus at Anzhen Bridge.你需要乘坐718路车，然后你应该在安贞桥换乘108路车。 【注】（1）need to do sth, 需要去做某事 ; need sth / sb 需要某物，某人
（2）should 在这是情态动词，后加动原。 （3）change to 转乘,变成 change from A to B 从A变成B
（change 作名词还可以表示“零钱”，不可数）
（4）几路车有两种表示方法： bus NO.718 或者the NO.718 bus 语法讲解：
表示请求、命令、禁止、劝告或建议的句子，特点是省略了主语。
祈使句无主语, 主语you常省去; 动词原形谓语当, 句首加don't否定变; 朗读应当用降调, 句末常标感叹号。 ●肯定结构: 1. Do型(即:动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分)。如:Please have a seat here. 请这边坐。 有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。
如:This way, please. = Go this way, please. 请这边走。
2. Be型(即:Be + 表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分) 如:Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子! 3. Let型(即:Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分) 如:Let me help you. 让我来帮你。 ●否定结构: 1. Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don't构成。 如:Don't forget me! 不要忘记我! Don't be late for school! 上学不要迟到! 2. Let型的否定式有两种: “Don't + let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分” “Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其它成分 如:Don't let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。 3. 有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。
如:No smoking! 禁止吸烟!No fishing! 禁止钓鱼!
祈使句
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Unit7 Topic1
重点句型
1. How do you plan to celebrate it? 你打算如何庆祝？
2. When were you born?你什么时候出生？--I was born in June, 1970.我生于1970年6月。 3. Were you born in Hebei? 你出生于河北吗？ ----Yes, I was. 是的，我是。 4. When was your daughter born? 你的女儿什么时候出生？
5. Was she born in Hebei, too? 她也生于河北吗？--No, she wasn’t.不，她不是。 6. Where was she born? 她出生于哪里？--She was born in Henan. 她出生于河南。
7. What’s the shape of your present? 你的礼物的形状是什么？--It’s round.它是圆形的。 8. What shape is it? 它是什么形状？ --It’s a rectangle. 它是长方形的。 9. What do we use it for? 我们用它来做什么？
--We used it to study English. 我们用它来学习英语。
10. How long / wide is it? 它多长/ 宽？--It’s 60 centimeters long/wide. 它60厘米长/宽。 11. It must be an English learning machine. 12. Here is a present for you. 交际用语
1. Would you like to come? 你想要来吗？ --Yes, I’d love to. 是的，我想要来。 2. What day is it? 今天星期几？ --It’s Thursday. 星期四。 3. What’s the date today? 今天几号？ --It’s May 8th. 5月8号。 4. Can I have a look(at sth)? 我可以看一下(…)吗？
--Sorry, I’m afraid you can’t. 对不起，恐怕你不能。 重点讲解
1 英语中日期可以有两种表达法：
(1)月日，年。May 1st,2008 (2)日月，年。1st May,2008
She was born on October 22nd, 1996. 2 plan to do sth.计划做某事 plan for sth.某事订计划 3 基数词变序数词的规律：
基变序，有规律，词尾加上th；一二三，单独记，词尾字母t,d,d.
八去t，九去e，再加th，ve要用f替；
整十基数变序数，先把ty变为tie，最后th加上去。 要是遇到两位数，十位基数个位序。 (注：序数前一定要用定冠词the)
4 表示确切“几百”时，hundred后面不加“s”，但表示不确定数目的“数以百计”时，hundred后面应加“s”，用“hundreds
of”表示。
three hundred students三百名学生 hundreds of students几百名学生
5 英语中表达物体的长、宽、高，先说数字，再说单位，最后加上一个表示长、宽、高的形容词。“．”读做“point”。
6.4米长 six point four meters long 6 use sth. to do sth.用某物做某事. = use sth. for doing sth. 7 buy sb. sth. = buy sth. to sb.买某物给某人. 一般过去式
语法讲解
1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与 a minute ago, two days/months/years ago, yesterday, last
year, in those days, just now, in 1990等表示过去的时间状语连用；一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 (1)过去存在的状态。My father was at work yesterday afternoon. (2)过去某个时间发生的动作。 I got up at 6:30 yesterday.
(3)过去经常或反复发生的动作。He always went to work by bus last year. 2．Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：
⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。（was not=wasn’t） ⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。（were not=weren’t）
⑶带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。
Were you born in July,1999? —Yes, I was./No,I wasn’t.
3．句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子(行为动词一般过去时态)
否定句：didn’t +动词原形，如：Jim didn’t go home yesterday. 一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。
如：Did Jim go home yesterday?
特殊疑问句：⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？ 如：What did Jim do yesterday? ⑵疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？
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4.动词过去式变化规则：
(1)．规则动词一般在动词末尾直接加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked play-played (2)．结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted move-moved
(3)．末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，
如：stop-stopped plan-planned trip -tripped
(4)．以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i，再加-ed， 如：study-studied (5)．不规则动词过去式：
am/is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat 5、其他用法
(1)在时间和条件状语从句中，用一般过去时表‘过去将来时’
He said that he would tell us if he heard the news.
(2)used to + 动词原型 表过去经常，现在不了 He used to smoke. (3)would 表过去“经常” The man would go there on foot.
used to 与would do 均表示过去经常，但有区别 used to do 既可表示动作又可表过去存在的状态，
而 would do只能用于过去反复性的动作，如：She used to be a quiet child.(√) 就不能换为：She would be a quiet child.(X)
如：Who went to home yesterday?
Unit7 Topic2
重点词组：
1. at the birthday party在生日聚会上 7. fly a kite放风筝 2. perform ballet跳芭蕾舞 8. be good at / do well in doing擅长做… 3. dance to disco 跳迪斯科 9. have a good time /enjoy oneself 4. take these flowers to 把这些花带去… 玩得开心 5. work out math problems 解出数学题 10. with one’s help / with the help of 6. read books 读书 在某人的帮助下
重点句型
11. Can/Could you dance? —Yes, I can/could. No, I can’t/couldn’t.
12. What can you do? —I can speak English. He can’t sing English songs. 13. Do you want to sing Chinese songs or English songs? --Chinese songs. 14. One year ago, she couldn’t do it at all. 一年前她根本不会做这件事。
15. They could do it before, but not very well. 他们一年前会做这件事，但是做得不是很好。 16. Zhang Jun can ride a bike this year, but he couldn’t do it a year ago. 张军今年会骑自行车，但是他一年前并不会。
17. Michael can’t come to school today because he hurt his right leg. 18. Michael今天不能来上学了，因为他伤到了他的右腿。 19. I couldn’t play the piano when I was four and I still can’t now.
我四岁时不会弹钢琴而且我现在仍然不会。
20. Kangkang is good at playing soccer, while Michael does well in basketball. 康康擅长踢足球，而Micheal篮球打得好。（表示对比）
21. Six years ago, there was something wrong with her eyes.（there be 过去时）
六年前，她的眼睛出了毛病。 22. She couldn’t see anything. = She could see nothing.她什么都看不见了。
23. Life was very hard for her when she was young.当她年轻的时候，生活对她来讲是艰难的。 24. In English, “hard” means “difficult” here. 英语中，“hard”的意思是困难的。 25. No way! 没门！绝对不行！
重点讲解
1. Do you want to sing Chinese songs or English songs? —Chinese songs.
选择疑问句中，回答时只能选择一者作答，不能用“Yes”或“No”回答。
2. take sb./sth. to +地点.带某人/某物去某地 I’d like to take these flowers to the party.
巧辩异同 Take ，bring ，fetch 和 carry
Bring“带来，拿来”表示 “拿到靠近说话着的地方” （由别处带到说话人处）；
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take “拿走，带走”表示“拿到远离说话着的地方” （从说话人处带到别处） carry“拉，搬”表示“用力移动，没有方向”； fetch“去取，去拿”，表示“往返拿物”。 Please take the books to the classroom。
Remember to your homework to school tomorrow The bag is too heavy，please it to my office。 Don’t worry ,I can the key.
3. 一段时间+ago是表示过去的时间状语。 two years ago 4. at the age of 在……岁的时候 5. with one’s help = with the help of… 在……的帮助下
6. Can you count the photos for me? 你能为我数数这些照片吗？
--Yes, I can. / No, I can’t. 好的，可以。/ 不，不可以。
7. What else can you do? 你还能做其他什么吗？--I can dance and play the guitar.
（else为形容词，做后置定语。一般放在不定代词和疑问词之后）
8. I can only/also sing English songs. 我只/ 也会唱英文歌。
（only/also一般放在be动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前）
9. I can swim a little / very well.（修饰动词不能用very good）我会一点游泳/ 我游泳游得很好
I can’t swim at all. 我根本不会游泳。
10. I’m sure we’ll have a good time at the party. 我确信我们在晚会上一定会过得很愉快。
be sure of… / be sure to do. be sure (that)+句子 11. Happy birthday to you! 生日快乐！ Best wishes to you! 衷心祝福你！
--Thank you(very much) / Thanks (a lot). （非常）谢谢！
12. When she was five, she could only dance a little. 当她五岁时，她会跳一点儿舞。
(when在这里是连词，后跟句子。也可做疑问词，引导提问日期的特殊疑问句)
重要语法
1. 情态动词本身有各种意义，但不能单独做谓语，只能和动词一起构成谓语，表示说话人的语气和情感。没有人称和
数的变化。
2. 情态动词can的用法
1>(表示有能力做或能够发生)能\\会 I couldn’t ride a bike at the age of 6
I’ll do what I can to finish it on time
2>(表示知道如何做)懂得,会 She can speak English 3>(表示允许)可以 We can’t wear jeans at work
4>(请求帮助)能 Can you feed my cat while I am away? 5>(请求允许)可以 Can I read your newspaper?
6>表示可能性,用于否定句表示事实肯定不真实 That can’t be Mary. She’s in New York. 7>(表示常有的行为)有时会 It can be quite cold in winter 8>can’t help doing情不自禁做某事,can’t wait to do迫不急待做某事 9>can 和a little ,very well not……at all 连用表示能会的程度
Can you dance? Yes, a little /very well . No ,not at all
10>Can/Could/Will/would you please……？你能……？表示有礼貌的请求。
Excuse me，could I borrow some money from you？--Of course，you can.
3. can和could的使用------ can/could 表示一般的能力
(1) can(could)“可以，同意，准许”表示请求，允许。
(2) can“会，能”，表现在或将来的能力.could表示过去的能力.could语气较can委婉。 4. 当表示允许别人某事时，用can而不用could.
5. 表示提议和请求。在语气上could较客气，但can较肯定。 e.g. A monkey can’t swim. She couldn’t draw before.
Could I open the door now? --Yes, of course you can. Could you tell me the way to the hospital?
情态动词can / could 的用法
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Unit7 Topic3
重点语法 行为动词的一般过去时及其回答。 重点词组
1.birthday party 生日聚会 6. hurt oneself 伤了自己 2.sing a song唱歌 7.make a silent wish许愿 3.enjoy oneself 玩的开心 8.by hand 手工 4. play the piano 弹钢琴 9.have a good time 玩得开心 5.fall down 掉下
重点句型
1. We had a wonderful party.
2. Did you sing a song at the party? —Yes, I did/No, I didn’t. 3. What time did you come back home last night?
4. How could you tell a lie to me? /How could you lie to me? 5. We went to Alice’s home and talked about it until 12 o’clock. 6. I missed the chair and fell down.
7. Kangkang made a silent wish and them he blew the candles out in one breath.
8. How was Kangkang’s birthday party ? 康康的生日晚会怎样--It was very nice. 非常好. 9. You speak Chinese very well. 你讲汉语真好
10. What’s the matter ? 怎么了？=What’s the trouble ? =What’s wrong ? 11. This way, please.请这边走
12. What else did you do at the party ? 在晚会上你还做别的什么了？ 13. Why didn’t you tell me the truth ?你为什么不给我讲真话？
重点讲解
1．It’s your turn. 该你了。turn 是名词，意思是“轮流” It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事了。
turn还可以做连系动词，意为“变成……”，后接形容词做表语。 2．We did see a movie. 我们的确看电影了。（do/did/does +动原表强调）
I do think he is right.
3. Did Kangkang enjoy himself? 康康玩得开心吗？
Enjoy是及物动词，后接名词，代词或是动名词，意为“喜爱，欣赏，享受……的乐趣。”
enjoy oneself = have a good/great time玩得愉快 enjoy doning sth. 喜欢做某事 巧辩异同 like, love与enjoy (1)like喜欢（程度较弱）like doing/to do (2)love热爱（程度较强）love doing/to do
(3)enjoy喜爱，欣赏，享受……的乐趣enjoy doing 4 . 反身代词oneself变化如下：
①第一二人称用形容词性物主代词+self(selves) I→myself you→yourself(yourselves) ②第三人称用人称代词宾格+self(selves) he→himself they→themselves 5. What happened to Michael at the party? 聚会上迈克发生什么事情了？
happen to sb.某人发生某事，to是介词 happen to do…碰巧干某事，to是不定式符号 5. I went to the movies with Alice. 在美式英语中，去看电影常用 go to the movies
在英式英语中，常用go to the cinema 或 see a film
7. We went to Alice’s home and talked about it until 12 o’clock.
until在此是介词，后面常接表示某一时间点的 名词，它还可以用做连词，后接从句。 在肯定句中，只与延续性动词连用，意思是“到….为止”‘，
在否定句中，既可以与延续性动词连用，也可以与非延续性动词连用，意思是“直到….才……”
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Unit8 Topic1
重点词组 1. take a walk 11. plan to do 2.had better 12.go for a walk 3.go out 13. be different from 4.later on 14.last from….to…. 5.come back to life 15.last for … 6. be busy doing 16.get warm 7.in spring 17.weather report 8.go swimming 18.learn to do sth 9.make a snowman 19..all day10. summer holiday
重要句型:
1. 询问天气的两个句型:What’s the weather like?=How is the weather? 天气怎么样 2. It’s a good time/season to do sth=It’s a good time for sth/doing sth 是做什么事的好时候或好季节 It’s a good time for sb to do sth 是某人做什么事的好时候
It’s + adj +to do sth 做某事是很...的 Eg；It’s good to get up early. e.g It’s a good time/season to swim
3. Why…..? --Because……由why引导的句子,回答一定要用because 4. learn to do sth. 学做某事 e.g She is learning to dance. 5. Which season do you like best?=What’s your favorite season? 6. 询问温度: What’s the temperature? The low / high temperature is…. The temperature is from…to…
The temperature is between…and…
7. had better do sth. 最好做某事 had better 最好 had缩写’d 否定形式: had better not do sth. e.g The temperature is high outside. You’d better not go out. 8. remember to do sth. 记得去做某事(实际动作还做) remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(实际动作已经做)
e.g You must remember to close the door.你一定要记得关门(门还没有关) He remembered closing the door. 他记得关过门了(门已经关上了) 9. be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 e.g He is busy reading. be busy with sth 忙于….. e.g They are busy with housework. 总结讲解: 1. 表示天气的形容词,一般n+y；重读闭音节的双写最后一个字母+y 天气名词 rain wind cloud snow sun fog 对应形容词 rainy windy cloudy snowy sunny Foggy 2. wear, be in 和put on ★wear穿着,戴着,强调状态,用一般现在时表示经常状态,用现在进行时,表示暂时状态. ★be in 表示穿着的状态 e.g We wear our raincoat on a rainy day.(经常状态) Is she wearing red clothes? (暂时状态) The girl in pink is my sister.
★put on 穿上,戴上,强调动作（动作,短暂性）
put on 穿、戴上、上演（代词it / them放中间，名词中间/后面，put it / them on ） e.g She put on a red coat and went out.
3. sunglasses/shorts/shoes/pants这些词通常都用复数形式
4. get warm 变暖和, get是系动词,后加形容词, 类似的还有get cold; get fat
e.g The weather gets hot in summer.
5. 修饰雨雪的词汇多用heavily 修饰风多用strongly 的形式
如：下大雨rain heavily a heavy rain snow heavily heavy snow
刮大风blow strongly a strong wind e.g. It rained heavily last night . 昨晚下了一场大雨
There was a heavy rain last night . 今天阳光明媚 The sun is shining brightly./ It is a sunny day today.
6. last: v. 延续 e.g The meeting lasts for an hour. adi.上一个的, 最近的 last Tuesday
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Unit 8 Topic 2
重点词组：
1、during the summer holidays 10、enter someone’s home 2、come back to life 11、customs in different countries 3、go back to Cuba 12、go out with one’s wet hair 4、some places of interest 13、be different from 5、go for a holiday(go on holiday) (注：相比较的事物必须性质相同) 6、take photos of--- (给---拍照) 14、give my best wishes to sb. 7、a pair of sunglasses 15、give my love to sb. (代我向某人问好) 8、point to\\at 16、travel around 9、wrap gift money in red paper 17、want(plan, wish, hope, would like)to do sth.
(用红纸包礼钱)
重点句型
1. The summer holidays are coming. 暑假要来了。
2. I hope to get together with them. 我希望和他们在一起。
3. Each of us has a good plan for the holidays. 我们每个人都有一个很好的假期计划。 4. Can you tell me something about Yunnan? 你能告诉我一些云南的事情么？ 5. It sounds really interesting and exciting. 它听起来相当有趣和令人激动。 6. Different countries have different customs. 不同的国家有不同的风俗。 7. You shouldn’t eat with your left hand. 你不能用左手吃东西。
8. You mustn’t point to anything with your foot. 你千万不要用脚指东西。 9. Guess what I bought for you! 猜猜我为你买了什么！
10. I hope you all have a good time. 我希望你们每个人都能过得愉快 11. What’s the best time to go there?---I think you can go anytime.
重点语法
一般过去时的特殊疑问句：
1. How was you trip? ---It was wonderful. 2. How did you travel there? ---By train.
3. How long were you there? ---Only five days. 4. Did you visit any places of interest?
--Yes, we visited Mount Emei and Jiuzhaigou,and it is very different from ours.
情态动词should和shouldn’t的用法： 1. What places should I visit in Yunnan? 2. You should visit Dali and Lijiang and you shouldn’t miss Xishuangbanna. 3. When you enter someone’s home, you should take off your shoes.
交际用语：谈论旅游和风俗 1. Where do you want to go ?
2. Who would you like to travel with? 3. How was your trip? --It was wonderful. 4. What’s the best time to go there? 5. How did you travel there? --By train. 6. How long were you there? --Only five days. 7. Different countries have different customs. 8. When you travel in other countries, you’d better know the customs of those countries.
重点解析;
trip / travel 两者均表示旅游，其主要区别为：
(1)trip指短距离旅行 如：The round trip was ten dollars. (2)travel指长途旅行，尤其指到国外旅行 ou want to travel around the world? 16
Unit 8 Topic 3
重要句型
1. They often eat turkey and Christmas cakes and give each other presents. = give presents to each other
give sb. sth = give sth to sb. 类似的有：lend, send, bring, pass, take
eg: I lent my bike to her. = I lent her my bike. send sb. sth =sent sth to sb. 送给某人某物
bring sb. sth = bring sth to sb. 给某人带来某物 take sb. sth = take sth to sb. 给某人带走某物
2. t means the end of Spring Festival. 它意味着春节的结束。
the end of …的末端 ； Mr. Wang lives at the end of Elm Road. at the end of …在…的末端(时间和空间);
Children put up stockings at the end of their beds.
by the end of 到…末端为止 We can finish the work by the end of the year. 3.not…until直到…才:He came back after 12o’clock last night. (用not…until改写)
He didn’t come back until 12 o’clock.
4. prepare for sth 为某事做好准备=get sth ready ,其宾语为所准备的直接内容
eg: They are preparing for the party this evening. The students are preparing for the exams. 5. go to church 去教堂做礼拜; go to the church去教堂
go to school 去上学；go to the school 去学校 go to hospital去看病；go to the hospital去医院 6. start/ begin to do sth; start/ begin doing sth eg: He started/ began to study English six years ago. He started/ began singing.
7The whole family gets together for a big dinner. the whole +单数名词(集体名词) = all the +名词 eg: The whole class is here. = All the class are here. The whole world likes football. 8. watch sb. / sth do 注视某人/物做某事，强调动作的结果 （全过程）
watch sb./ sth doing注视某人/物正在做某事，强调动作正在进行 类似的有：hear, see eg: I hear someone singing in the next room. I often hear him shout to others.
I see an old man selling books in the street.
I sometimes see them play basketball on the playground.
如果动作是短暂性的常用 watch/see/notice/hear/feel do sth. 如果动作是延续性的常用 watch/see/notice/hear/feel doing sth.
英文书信的书写格式：
（1）信头：指发信人的地址和日期，写在信纸的右上角，可以从靠近信纸的中央写起，信头上面需留空白，先写发信地址，且在地址下面写上日期。
（2）称呼：指对收信人的称呼，写在信头之下，相距一行，从信纸的左边顶格开始。 （3）信的正文：指信的整体部分
（4）结束语：指正文下面的结尾客套话，一般从信纸的中间靠右写起，第一个字母大写，末尾用一逗号。 （5）签名：指发信人签名，写在结束语下面，稍偏右。
（6）没问信封的写法：一般把收信人的地址写在信封中间或偏右下角，第一行写姓名，下面写地址，顺序与信内地址一样，发信人的姓名和地址写在信封的左上角，也可以信封的背面。
3. other/others/the others/the other/another
1.other可作形容词或代词，做形容词时，意思是“别的，其他”，泛指“其他的（人或物）”。如： Do you have any other question(s)? 你还有其他问题吗？ Ask some other people. 问问别人吧！ Put it in your other hand. 把它放在你另一只手里。
2.the other指两个人或物中的一个时，只能用the other，不能用another，此时的other作代词。如： He has two daughters. One is a nurse, the other is a worker. 他有两个女儿，一个是护士，另一个是工人。 the other后可加单数名词，也可加复数名词，此时的other作形容词。如： On the other side of the street，there is a tall tree. 在街道的另一边，有一棵大树。 Mary is much taller than the other girls. 玛丽比其他的女孩高得多。 He lives on the other side of the river. 他住在河的对岸。
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3.others是other的复数形式，泛指“另外几个”，“其余的”。在句中可作主语、宾语。如： Some of us like singing and dancing, others go in for sports. 我们一些人喜欢唱歌和跳舞，其余的从事体育活动。 Give me some others, please. 请给我别的东西吧！ There are no others. 没有别的了。 4.the others意思是“其他东西，其余的人”。特指某一范围内的“其他的（人或物）”。是the other的复数形式。如： Two boys will go to the zoo, and the others will stay at home. 两个男孩将去动物园，其余的留在家里。.the others=.the other+可数名词复数
5.another=an other，既可作形容词，也可作代词，只能用于三个或更多的人或物，泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”，只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。如： I don’t like this one. Please show me another. 我不喜欢这一个，请给我看看另一个。 I have three daughters. One is a nurse, another is a teacher and another is a worker. 我有三个女儿。一个是护士，另一个是教师，还有一个是工人 即学即练：
1) Lin Feng always help people.
2) The old man has two sons. One is a soldier, is an engineer.
3) Many people are in the park. Some are taking a walk, are flying kites. 4)Would you like cup of coffee? 4. a number of /the number of
a number of 是指“大量的”,后面的动词是复数形式 e.g. A number of our classmates love English.
the number of 是指“......的数量”，后面的动词是单数形式 e.g. The number of our classmates is 45.
1. Mr /mist / 先生。用于姓前
Mrs /misiz/夫人。用于已婚女子丈夫的姓前。 Miss /mis/ 小姐。用于未婚女子的姓前。
Ms /miz/ 女士。用于婚姻状况不明或不想区分婚否的女子的姓前。 sir /s /先生，阁下。一般单独使用，不与人的姓连用。
Madam /m d m/女士，夫人，太太。一般单独使用，不与人的姓连用。
in hospital在住院 in the hospital在医院里 at table 在吃饭 at the table在桌子边
18. everyone / every one
1) everyone“人人，每人”，仅指人，相当于everybody，一般不能与of连用，作主语为单数。 Everyone is here.大家（人人）都来了。
2) every one“每一个（人或物）”，指人或物，常与of连用，谓语用单数。 Every one of the book is interesting. 每本书都很有趣。
10. people, person, man 1) people:
①泛指“人，人们”，谓语动词用复数形式。 There are many people there. 那儿有许多人。 ②the people 常用来指“人民”。
We study hard for the people. 我们为人民而努力学习。 ③指“民族”是可数名词。
There’re 56 peoples in China. 中国有56个民族。
2) person“人；人物”，无性别之分，可指男人，也可指女人。常用于指数目不大，而且数目比较精确的“人”。 Everyone likes the honest person. 每个人都喜欢诚实的人。 There are only three persons in the room. 房间里只有三个人。 3）man: 指“男人”（复数形式为men），也可指“人类”。 He is a man of few words. 他是个少言寡语的人。 Man has languages. 人类有语言。
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